Biology | Botany
Angiosperm
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Cruciferae
The cruciferae is also known as mustard family. This family includes 375 genera and 3200 species. The plants are found abundantly in northern hemisphere and distributed worldwide. This family includes vegetables flowers and wild varieties.
Cruciferae
The cruciferae is also known as mustard family. This family includes 375 genera and 3200 species. The plants are found abundantly in northern hemisphere and distributed worldwide. This family includes vegetables flowers and wild varieties.
Some economically important plants of this family are
- Brassica compestris, (TORI) Important for oil and vegetable
- B. rapa, (Turnip) Important for vegetable
- B. nigra, (RAYO) Important for oil and vegetable
- B. oleracea, (CAULI) Important vegetable and Anticancer
- Raphnus sativus (MULA) Important vegetable
- Lepidium sativum (CHAMSUR) Important vegetable
Habit habitat: Annual or biannual or sometimes perennial, herbs, rarely shrubs, wild or cultivated, terrestrial, mesophytic.
Root: Tap root and branched or modified (fusiform e.g. Raphnus sativus, Napioform e.g. B.rapa), sometimes adventitious e.g. Roripa.
Stem: Erect, herbaceous, branched, cylindrical, solid, hairy or glabrous, green, sometimes stem is condensed or thickened (B. oleraces, R. sativs)
Leaf: Exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate, rarely opposite, simple, cauline and ramal or radical, lyrate, lobed or entire, acute, glabrous, unicostate, reticulate venetation.
Inflorescence: racemose, receme or corymb
Flower: Ebracteate, ebractiolate, pedicellate, hermaphrodite, complete, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, hypogynous, tetramerous, small, white or yellow.
Calyx: sepals-4, polysepalous, sepaloid, sepals in two worls, 2 in each whorl, hairy or glabrous, imbricate aestivation.
Corolla: petals-4, polypetalous, cruciform, each petal consists of limb and claw, alternate with sepals, petaloid, valvet or imbricate aestivation.
Androecium: stamens-6, tetramerous, polyandrous. Anther – bicelled, dithecous, basifixed, introse
Gynoecium: Carpels-2, bicarpellary, syncarpous. Ovary - superior, unilocular or bilocular, placentation parietal. Style – short. Stigma – bilobed or glabrous.
Root: Tap root and branched or modified (fusiform e.g. Raphnus sativus, Napioform e.g. B.rapa), sometimes adventitious e.g. Roripa.
Stem: Erect, herbaceous, branched, cylindrical, solid, hairy or glabrous, green, sometimes stem is condensed or thickened (B. oleraces, R. sativs)
Leaf: Exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate, rarely opposite, simple, cauline and ramal or radical, lyrate, lobed or entire, acute, glabrous, unicostate, reticulate venetation.
Inflorescence: racemose, receme or corymb
Flower: Ebracteate, ebractiolate, pedicellate, hermaphrodite, complete, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, hypogynous, tetramerous, small, white or yellow.
Calyx: sepals-4, polysepalous, sepaloid, sepals in two worls, 2 in each whorl, hairy or glabrous, imbricate aestivation.
Corolla: petals-4, polypetalous, cruciform, each petal consists of limb and claw, alternate with sepals, petaloid, valvet or imbricate aestivation.
Androecium: stamens-6, tetramerous, polyandrous. Anther – bicelled, dithecous, basifixed, introse
Gynoecium: Carpels-2, bicarpellary, syncarpous. Ovary - superior, unilocular or bilocular, placentation parietal. Style – short. Stigma – bilobed or glabrous.
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