Digestive system of Frog (Rana tigrina)

Biology | Zoology Notes

Digestive system of Frog (Rana tigrina)
Class: 11

The digestive system of frog consists of organs, which are concerned, with capturing of food (ingestion), absorption with the help of certain enzymes, absorption of the digested food, and finally removal of the waste food. Hence, digestive system is divided into 3 headings.

1. Alimentary canal  
2. Digestive gland       
3. Physiology of digestion 

Alimentary canal:- it is long, coiled tube which starts from mouth to anus (cloacal aperture). It consists of following organs 

Buccopharyngeal cavity 

The buccal cavity and pharynx together is called bucco-pharyngeal cavity. Buccopharyngeal cavity lies between upper jaw and lower jaws. Upper jaw is immovable but lower jaw is movable. 

Teeth – there are two types of teeth. Maxillary teeth- they are found in upper jaw. They are polyphyodant (replaceable teeth) and homodont (all teeth are similar in size). Vomerine teeth- they are present on either side of roof buccopharyngeal cavity. They help to capture prey and prevent the captured pre from slipping out. 

Tongue: It is thick, fleshy, and muscular and bifurcated (bifid). The tongue is protrusible i.e. tongue can be thrown out and retracted. It arises from in front of lower jaw. The tongue secrets a kind of sticky substance so that insects or prey coming neat sticks in tongue. 

Vocal sac: In male frog on either side of the tongue on the lower jaw there are two pores called vocal sacs, which produce croaking sound. 

Pharynx: Posterior part of buccopharyngeal cavity is called pharynx, which opens into oesophagus. 

Oesophagus: It is broad, short muscular tube which opens into stomach. 

Stomach: The stomach is large, thick walled muscular bag. Anterior part of stomach is called cardiac part and posterior part is called pyloric part. It is internally folded. It stores ingested food. Posterior part consists of pyloric constriction through which food is slowly passed. 

Intestine: It is long, coiled part which starts from pyloric constriction. Intestine is divided into two parts. 

Duodenum: it is c shaped structure, 3-5 cm long where hepatopancreatic duct opens. 

Ileum: it is coiled part. It is about 20-25 cm long. Ileum is internally highly folded. Folding s is called villi, which increase absorptive surface. 

Rectum: (large intestine): rectum is short, broad tube 4-5 cm long. It opens outside through cloaca and the opening id called cloacal aperture. The rectum stores undigested food for short time. Internally rectum is also folded. 

Digestive glands 

1. Gastric glands: They are present on the stomach wall. They secret HCL and enzyme pepsinogen. 

2. Liver : It is large gland. It has two lobe-right lobe and left lobe. Liver is reddish brown in color. Left lobe is again divided into two lobes. There is a small sac like thin walled bladder present on right lobe called gall bladder.

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