Protein - Sources, Daily Requirement and Function | Biology Class 12

Notes | Zoology

Protein - Sources, Daily Requirement and Function

Class: 12

Proteins are one of the most important nutrients and are defined as polymers of amino acid. The amino acids in Protein are bonded together through a bond called as peptide bond. The peptide bond is formed when amine group of one amino acid combines with carboxyl group of another amino acid leaving one molecule of water.

There are twenty amino acids that are required for proper growth, repair and functioning of body parts. In the deficiency of protein during infant stage causes two important diseases called as Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Out of the twenty amino acids eight are essential one which should be taken form the outside in the diet and remaining twelve are non-essential which are synthesized by body and not necessary to be taken form outside.

Sources of Protein

Protein can be obtained from both animals and plant. The plant sources are pulses, soybeans and cereals while animal’s sources are eggs, meat and milk. In case of protein richness animal’s sources are superior to plant sources as animal sources provide all essential amino acids. The animal sources are called as first class while the plant sources are called as second class.

Daily Requirement

The requirement of protein depends on physical, psychological and several other factors of body. The recommended daily requirement of protein is 0.8 gm per kg body weight. An adult person needs 90 gm of protein per day while growing children and pregnant woman requires more.

Functions

1. It is a structural component of many body parts and also takes part in repairing damaged tissues. Therefore they are also called as building blocks.
2. In deficiency of carbohydrate, protein serves as source of energy.
3. They are main components of enzymes, hormone and other fluids that control and regulate metabolic activities.
4. It also builds immune system that prevents an organism form being infected.
5. Hemoglobin is also composed of protein substances within body.

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