Tourism - Introduction, Its Types and Components

Hotel Management Notes
Tourism - Introduction, Its Types and Components | Hospitality Industry
Class: 11

The word tourism is derived from the French word “Tourisme” which means tour and travel. It is a process of temporary movement in the particular destination. It is the phenomenon of human character related to tour and traveling at a particular area, locality, sites, places etc. It’s something about people who travel away from their familiar home environment for many reasons. In order to know the meaning of tourism, on should also know the simple ideology of “tour”.

According to the Tourism Society of United Kingdom “Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside of the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during their stay at those destinations”.

According two Swiss professors, Walter Hunzikr and Kurt Kraft had defined tourism as “Tourism is the sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from the travel and stay of non-resident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent resident and are not connected with any earning activities”. 

Types of Tourism

i) Inbound / Local Tourism : 

Who visit one place to another place of the same country in a certain destination for doing entertainment and other various works like Business, for study, marketing, etc.

ii) Out bound/ Foreign :

Those people who visit one country to another country for doing a lot of fun and entertainment in a certain destination known as forging or out bound tourism. 

Components of Tourism

Tourism is the activity of tourist. It started from the movement of people temporary from one place to another place for different reasons. The traveler need various things are called components of tourism, some are described below:

i) Attraction

Attraction is the most important elements that is necessary for the tourism to take place. We can say it is the destinations for traveler. Attraction is the basic components which creates a desire for traveling to specific destination and to determine the choice of person to travel. It also differentiates one place form another place normally. There are two types of attraction:

a) Natural Attraction: Natural attraction is created by human being but they are creation of nature. They includes the nature beauties such as Himalaya Peaks, Mountains, Lakes, Caves, Forest, Sea, Water fall, National Park and Wild-Life reserve, etc. 

b) Artificial Attraction: Artificial attraction which are made by man. They are the results of the human efforts. It’s attraction that inspires the people to visit are: Recreational, sport, Entertainment centers, Cultural and Historical place and monuments. Example: Temples, Palaces, Zoos, Parks, Hotel, etc.

ii) Accessibility: 

Accessibility to the transportation or we can say accessibility in the means of transportation by which person can reach to the destinations. The accessibility to other means of communication is also very important.

iii) Accommodation: 

It order to facilitate the people traveling to a particular destination, transport plays an important role. It is of the provision of food and rest for the traveler as accessibility accommodation also plays an important role to influents the traveler. It’s all to provide facilities like shelter, food and drinks at those destinations and during tour time. It’s also related to the health safety and comfort for the travelers, some of the examples of it’s are hotels, lodges, boarding, house, apartments, camp, fast food restaurants, pubs and steak houses, etc. 

iv) Amenities / Facilities: 

It’s are the basic element of tourism. Tourism industry will be incomplete in the absence of amenities. The services include facilities to help cater to their needs and some extra facility or activity with attraction. There is immigration, Visa, foreign secretarial services, hospitals, credit cards, money transfer, telecommunication, etc. There are two types of amenities are as follows:

a) Infrastructure: It includes airports, roads, railway, electricity, water and seaways, hospitals, parks, police, telecommunication, national parks and conservation of tourism products, etc. There should be developed, operated and taken care of by the public sector.

b) Superstructure: IT includes air crafts, trains, buses, coaches, hotels, restaurant, banks and other services of tourism demand. These should be developed, operated and taken care of by the private sector.

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