Fat Soluble Vitamins | Biology Class 12

Biology | Notes
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Class : 12

Vitamins are divided into two groups depending on solubility. They are water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamin. Vitamin A, D, E and L are fat soluble vitamin and vitamin B-Complex and C are water soluble vitamins. 

Vitamin A (Retinol) 

Vitamin A influences growth of a body and protects from infection. It is necessary for maintaining normal growth of retinal epithelium tissue and is necessary for vision at night. Vitamin A is found in liver, fish oil, meat, butter, daily products, yellow fruits, green vegetables, papaya, etc.

Deficiency of Retinol causes permanent destruction of retina and the condition is called keratomalaua and early sight of vitamin A deficiency is Night Blindness, which is an inability to see at night. It also makes the eyes dry and the condition is called exophthalmia. 

Vitamin D (Calciterol) 

Vitamin D is responsible for absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. It controls deposition of calcium and phosphorus in tissues so that stone formation can be checked and helps in normal growth and development of bones and teeth. Principal sources of the vitamin are fish, liver oil, eggs, and butter but the major source is sunlight. Exposure of skin to sunlight results synthesis of vitamin D. 

In deficiency of this vitamin rickets is resulted in children and in characterized by bowing of legs in adult the deficiency may causes Oesteomalaua , which is characterized by softening of bones and the person is prone to factures form minor injuries. 

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) 

It is called anti-sterility vitamin as it maintains fertility of an individual. This vitamin is also called as beauty vitamin because it maintains normal growth of skin and muscles. Vitamin E is found in small amount in most vegetables and meat but the richest source is germinating seeds. The deficiency of vitamin E in the diet brings sterility by destroying epithelium of gonads. 

Vitamin K (Phylloguinone) 

Vitamin K is found to be helpful in coagulation of blood. Hence the name vitamin K is given to it. It is mainly associated with synthesis of prothrombin which is an important factor for initiating blood clotting. The prolonged deficiency of the vitamin causes to profuse bleeding even from minor cut. Principal sources of vitamin K are green leaf vegetables like cabbage, spinach, reddish etc.

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